Participle Phrase vs Relative Clause
شرح مبسط مع أمثلة وتدريبات
النهارده هنشرح الفرق بين Participle Phrase و Relative Clause، ودي نقطة مهمة جدًا لأنها بتساعدهم في فهم الـReading وكتابة جمل أكثر تنوعًا في الـWriting.
أولًا: What is a Relative Clause?
Relative Clause هي جملة نستخدمها لإضافة معلومات عن اسم (noun) موجود قبلها.
وغالبًا تبدأ بـ:
who – which – that – whose – where – when
Example:
The girl who won the competition is my sister.
الجملة:
who won the competition
تقدم معلومات عن:
the girl
إذن:
Noun + Relative Clause
أمثلة بسيطة
1. Who
The teacher who teaches us English is very helpful.
who teaches us English
→ تصف the teacher
2. Which
I bought a new laptop which has a powerful processor.
which has a powerful processor
→ تصف the laptop
3. That
The book that I bought yesterday is interesting.
that I bought yesterday
→ تصف the book
4. Whose
I met a student whose father is a doctor.
whose father is a doctor
→ تقدم معلومات عن the student
5. Where
This is the school where I studied.
where I studied
→ تصف the school
ثانيًا: What is a Participle Phrase?
Participle Phrase هي مجموعة كلمات تبدأ غالبًا بـ:
Present Participle (-ing)
أو:
Past Participle (-ed / irregular form)
وتستخدم لإضافة معلومات عن اسم أو فعل بدون الحاجة إلى Relative Clause كاملة.
Participle Phrase with -ing
نستخدم:
verb + ing
Example:
The girl sitting next to me is my sister.
العبارة:
sitting next to me
تصف:
the girl
Relative Clause vs Participle Phrase
Relative Clause:
The girl who is sitting next to me is my sister.
Participle Phrase:
The girl sitting next to me is my sister.
المعنى متقارب جدًا.
Example 2
Relative Clause:
The students who are studying in the library are preparing for the exam.
Participle Phrase:
The students studying in the library are preparing for the exam.
لاحظ:
who are studying
تحولت إلى:
studying
Example 3
Relative Clause:
The man who is standing at the door is my uncle.
Participle Phrase:
The man standing at the door is my uncle.
Example 4
Relative Clause:
The children who are playing in the garden are my cousins.
Participle Phrase:
The children playing in the garden are my cousins.
ثالثًا: Past Participle Phrase
هنا نستخدم Past Participle، وغالبًا يكون المعنى passive.
Example:
The documents signed by the manager were sent to the office.
signed by the manager
تصف:
the documents
Relative Clause
The documents which were signed by the manager were sent to the office.
Participle Phrase
The documents signed by the manager were sent to the office.
Example 2
Relative Clause:
The car which was damaged in the accident has been repaired.
Participle Phrase:
The car damaged in the accident has been repaired.
Example 3
Relative Clause:
The books which were written by George Orwell are popular.
Participle Phrase:
The books written by George Orwell are popular.
Example 4
Relative Clause:
The house which was built in 1950 is still beautiful.
Participle Phrase:
The house built in 1950 is still beautiful.
القاعدة المهمة جدًا
لو عندك:
who/which/that + be + V-ing
غالبًا تستطيع اختصارها إلى:
V-ing
Example:
The man who is talking to Sarah is my teacher.
↓
The man talking to Sarah is my teacher.
ولو عندك:
who/which/that + be + past participle
يمكن اختصارها إلى:
Past Participle
Example:
The car which was stolen yesterday has been found.
↓
The car stolen yesterday has been found.
مقارنة مهمة
|
Relative Clause |
Participle Phrase |
|
The man who is running |
The man running |
|
The students who are studying |
The students studying |
|
The car which was damaged |
The car damaged |
|
The books which were written |
The books written |
|
The house that was built |
The house built |
لكن انتبه ⚠️
ليس كل Relative Clause يمكن تحويلها مباشرة إلى Participle Phrase.
Example:
The student who lives next door is my friend.
يمكن أن نقول:
The student living next door is my friend.
لكن:
The student who I met yesterday is my friend.
لا نحولها ببساطة إلى:
❌ The student meeting yesterday...
لأن who هنا ليست هي التي تقوم بالفعل.
الأفضل الاحتفاظ بالـRelative Clause:
The student who I met yesterday is my friend.
الفرق في المعنى
Present Participle (-ing)
غالبًا يشير إلى أن الـnoun يقوم بالفعل.
The boy running in the park...
الولد هو الذي:
is running
Past Participle
غالبًا يشير إلى أن الفعل حدث للـnoun.
The window broken by the boy...
النافذة لم تكسر شيئًا.
بل:
The window was broken.
طريقة سهلة جدًا للطلاب
اسأل الطالب:
هل الـnoun يقوم بالفعل؟
إذا نعم، غالبًا:
V-ing
Example:
The woman talking to the teacher...
المرأة هي التي تتحدث.
هل الـnoun استقبل الفعل؟
إذا نعم، غالبًا:
Past Participle
Example:
The letter written by Ali...
الرسالة تم كتابتها.
الآن نبدأ التدريبات 👇
Exercise 1: Choose the correct form
1.
The students ______ in the classroom are preparing for the exam.
A) studied
B) studying
C) study
Answer: B) studying
الجملة:
The students studying in the classroom are preparing for the exam.
2.
The car ______ in the accident was repaired yesterday.
A) damaging
B) damaged
C) damage
Answer: B) damaged
3.
The man ______ near the door is my teacher.
A) standing
B) stood
C) stands
Answer: A) standing
4.
The books ______ by Shakespeare are still widely read.
A) writing
B) written
C) wrote
Answer: B) written
Exercise 2: Rewrite using a Participle Phrase
1.
The students who are waiting outside are my classmates.
حوّلها.
Answer:
The students waiting outside are my classmates.
2.
The woman who is talking to the manager is my mother.
Answer:
The woman talking to the manager is my mother.
3.
The car which was damaged in the accident belongs to my brother.
Answer:
The car damaged in the accident belongs to my brother.
4.
The documents which were signed by the director are important.
Answer:
The documents signed by the director are important.
5.
The students who are preparing for the competition work very hard.
Answer:
The students preparing for the competition work very hard.
Exercise 3: Choose Relative Clause or Participle Phrase
حدد الجزء الذي يصف الـnoun:
1.
The girl who won the prize is very happy.
الإجابة:
who won the prize
Relative Clause ✅
2.
The girl winning the prize is very happy.
الإجابة:
winning the prize
Participle Phrase ✅
3.
The car damaged in the accident was expensive.
الإجابة:
damaged in the accident
Past Participle Phrase ✅
4.
The car which was damaged in the accident was expensive.
الإجابة:
which was damaged in the accident
Relative Clause ✅
Exercise 4: B2 Challenge
اختار الإجابة الصحيحة:
1.
The people ______ outside the building are waiting for the manager.
A) who waiting
B) waiting
C) waited
2.
The email ______ by the teacher contained important information.
A) sending
B) sent
C) send
3.
The students ______ for the exam have already finished their revision.
A) preparing
B) prepared
C) were prepare
4.
The house ______ in 1920 is now a museum.
A) building
B) built
C) build
5.
The man ______ to the students is the school principal.
A) talking
B) talked
C) talks
Answers
1. B — waiting
The people waiting outside...
2. B — sent
The email sent by the teacher...
3. A — preparing
The students preparing for the exam...
4. B — built
The house built in 1920...
5. A — talking
The man talking to the students...
Exercise 5: Find the mistake
1.
❌ The students who studying in the library are preparing for the exam.
ما الخطأ؟
بعد:
who
نحتاج:
are studying
أو نحذف:
who are
ونستخدم:
studying
Correct:
✅ The students who are studying in the library are preparing for the exam.
أو:
✅ The students studying in the library are preparing for the exam.
2.
❌ The car which damaged in the accident was expensive.
الصحيح:
✅ The car which was damaged in the accident was expensive.
أو:
✅ The car damaged in the accident was expensive.
قاعدة B2 الذهبية ⭐
يمكنك كتابة القاعدة للطلاب بالشكل ده:
Active meaning
who/which + be + V-ing → V-ing
Example:
The boy who is playing football.
↓
The boy playing football.
Passive meaning
who/which + be + V3 → V3
Example:
The book which was written by Orwell.
↓
The book written by Orwell.
فرق سريع جدًا
Relative Clause
The woman who is sitting next to me is a doctor.
Participle Phrase
The woman sitting next to me is a doctor.
Relative Clause
The car which was damaged yesterday is mine.
Participle Phrase
The car damaged yesterday is mine.
الخلاصة للطلاب
Relative Clause تحتوي على:
who / which / that + clause
أما Participle Phrase فتستخدم:
V-ing عندما يكون الـnoun هو الذي يقوم بالفعل.
أو:
Past Participle (V3) عندما يكون الـnoun هو الذي وقع عليه الفعل.
احفظ:
Doing the action → V-ing
Receiving the action → V3
مثال:
The boy running in the park
الولد هو الذي يجري → V-ing
The car damaged in the accident
السيارة وقع عليها الفعل → V3
وده من أفضل الأساليب اللي تخلّي طالب B2 يفهم participle phrases بدل ما يحفظ القاعدة فقط.
تعليقات
إرسال تعليق